What Is IPO Analysis

Understanding the Input-Process-Output Model for Operational and Stakeholder Analysis

Updated March 2025

The Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model is a systems-based framework used to analyse workflows, operations, and stakeholder dynamics across diverse industries. It breaks down any process into three core stages—Inputs, Processes, and Outputs—to support clearer thinking, better design, and more informed decision-making.

Originally rooted in systems theory, IPO is widely used in computing, automation, business process engineering, and increasingly in safety and stakeholder management frameworks—especially in the context of ISO 45001 Occupational Health & Safety systems.

What Are the Components of IPO?

Why IPO Analysis Matters

The IPO model supports structured thinking and is a powerful tool for continuous improvement. It enables teams to:

Using IPO Analysis in Stakeholder Mapping

In ISO 45001 OH&S management systems, IPO analysis is especially valuable for stakeholder identification. It helps teams systematically evaluate who contributes to, affects, or is impacted by a given operation—ensuring no stakeholder group is overlooked.

This method is commonly used within the MOVER Framework for stakeholder analysis, where IPO anchors the mapping phase.

Benefits of IPO in OH&S and Organisational Planning

IPO analysis helps break down a process into three key components—input, process, and output—to support decision-making, improve workflows, and map stakeholder involvement in OH&S and other systems.

IPO analysis supports stakeholder identification (Clause 4.2), planning (Clause 6), and performance evaluation (Clause 9) by structuring how inputs, tasks, and outcomes are understood and linked within a safety system.

By linking stakeholders to the inputs, processes, or outputs they influence or are affected by, IPO analysis ensures that all relevant parties are mapped and addressed in safety planning.